Abstract
The aim of this article is to verify how different systems of moral values may impact leadership preferences, especially in the choice of a “dishonest” candidate or a morally optimal one, and corruption perceptions in the largest democracies in Latin America, Brazil and México. For the analysis, moral values were divided into two dimensions, personal values (private sphere), and social values (public and institutional sphere). The main question is: what set of moral values is most important to choice a political leader? The theoretical perspective is Social Psychology. The research used quantitative and qualitative methods, as data analysis and Focus Group. The findings indicate that for Brazilians public morality is more important and therefore they privilege honesty in politics, to the detriment of results. In contrast, Mexicans tend to be more pragmatic in their electoral decisions and tolerate corruption to the extent that the candidates are presented as efficient.
References
Altemeyer, B. (2006). The authoritarians. Department of Psychology, University of Manitoba. [Manuscrito no publicado].
Assunção e Silva, W. F. (2017). O princípio da moralidade política segundo Ronald Dworkin e o processo de impeachment: o caso de Dilma Rousseff [Dissertação de Mestrado, Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos].
Barbosa, T. (2020, octubre 21). Não faz, mas não rouba? [Ponencia]. 12° Encuentro de la ABCP, Democracia e Desenvolvimento, Universidade Federal da Paraíba. https://rb.gy/ovqql
Bezes, P., & Lascoumes, P. (2005). Percevoir et juger la corruption politique. Revue française de science politique, 55(5–6), 757–786. https://doi.org/10.3917/rfsp.555.0757
Bizer, G. (2004). Attitudes. En C. Spielberger (Ed.), Encyclopedia of applied psychology (Vol. 1, pp. 247–253). Elsevier.
Bizer, G., Barden, J., & Petty, R. E. (2006). Attitudes. En L. Nadel et al. (Eds.), Encyclopedia of cognitive science (pp. 247–253). Macmillan.
Da Matta, R. O. (1984). O que faz o brasil, Brasil? Editora Rocco.
Duska, R., & Whelan, M. (1975). Moral development: A guide to Piaget and Kohlberg. Paulist Press.
Dworkin, R. (2011). Justice for hedgehogs. Belknap Press of Harvard University Press.
Esaiasson, P., & Muñoz, J. (2014). Roba pero hace? An experimental test of the competence-corruption tradeoff hypothesis in Spain and Sweden. Working Paper Series, University of Gothenburg, 2(2), 2–25. http://hdl.handle.net/2077/38899
Haerpfer, C., Inglehart, R., Moreno, A., Welzel, C., Kizilova, K., Diez-Medrano, J., Lagos, M., Norris, P., Ponarin, E., & Puranen, B. (Eds.). (2020). World Values Survey: Round Seven – Country-pooled datafile version 3.0. JD Systems Institute & WVSA Secretariat. https://www.worldvaluessurvey.org/WVSDocumentationWVL.jsp
Lane, R. E. (1962). Political ideology: Why the American common man believes what he does. The Free Press.
Lledó Íñigo, E. (1985). Introducción. En Aristóteles, Ética Nicomáquea (pp. 9–43). Editorial Gredos.
Martínez Rosón, M. M. (2016). Yo prefiero al corrupto: el perfil de los ciudadanos que eligen políticos deshonestos pero competentes. Revista Española de Investigaciones Sociológicas, 153, 77–94. https://doi.org/10.5477/cis/reis.153.77
Olvera, A. (2016). La crisis política, los movimientos sociales y el futuro de la democracia en México. Revista Mexicana de Ciencias Políticas y Sociales, 61(226), 279–296. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0185-1918(16)30011-3
Peters, J. G., & Welch, S. (1980). The effects of charges of corruption on voting behavior in congressional elections. American Political Science Review, 74(3), 697–709. https://doi.org/10.2307/1958151
Pérez, O. J. (2015). The impact of crime on voter choice in Latin America. En R. Carlin, M. Singer, & E. J. Zechmeister (Eds.), The Latin American voter: Pursuing representation and accountability in challenging contexts (pp. 324–345). University of Michigan Press.
Rennó, L. R. (2007). Escândalos e voto: As eleições presidenciais brasileiras de 2006. Opinião Pública, 13(2), 260–282. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0104-62762007000200002
Rundquist, B. S., Strom, G. S., & Peters, J. G. (1977). Corrupt politicians and their electoral support: Some experimental observations. American Political Science Review, 71(3), 954–963. https://doi.org/10.2307/1960100
Silveira, F. E. (1998). A decisão do voto no Brasil. EDIPUCRS.
Sousa Oliva, J. D. (2021). Comportamento eleitoral: O dilema entre honestidade e competência nas eleições 2018 no Brasil e no México [Tesis de doctorado, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul]. Repositório Digital Lume. https://www.lume.ufrgs.br/handle/10183/226278
Sousa Oliva, J. D. (2023). El dilema de los votantes entre candidatos honestos y competentes en las elecciones de 2018 en México y Brasil. Nóesis. Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades, 32(64), 27–46. https://doi.org/10.20983/noesis.2023.2.2
Winters, M., & Weitz-Shapiro, R. (2013). Lacking information or condoning corruption: When do voters support corrupt politicians? Comparative Politics, 45(4), 418–436. https://doi.org/10.5129/001041513X13815259182857

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Copyright (c) 2025 José Daniel Sousa Oliva